FAQ

What is university climate?
Dr. Susan Rankin of Rankin Climate, which is serving as the outside consultant for UMKC’s climate survey, defines university climate as “the current attitudes, behaviors, standards and practices of employees and students of an institution.” The climate is often shaped through personal experiences, perceptions and institutional efforts.
Why is a positive climate important?
Dr. Rankin’s research maintains that positive personal experiences with university climate and positive perceptions of university climate generally equate to successful outcomes. Examples of successful outcomes include positive educational experiences and healthy identity development for students, productivity and sense of value for faculty and staff, and overall well-being for all.
Why is UMKC conducting a climate survey?
The idea to conduct a university climate survey originated from interested students, faculty and staff who believed data from such a survey might be useful in planning for the future and improving the UMKC climate.
Who will be conducting the survey?
The Campus Study Working Group, which includes a cross section of students, faculty and staff, is charged with conducting UMKC’s climate survey. After a review of potential vendors, the committee selected Rankin Climate to conduct the survey. Rankin Climate reports directly to the committee. Although the CSWG will regularly update the UMKC community about its progress, the committee — in consultation with Rankin Climate — is solely responsible for the development, implementation and interpretation of the survey and its results. Susan Rankin, Ph.D., of Rankin Climate is the consultant working directly with us on this project. Rankin is an emeritus faculty member of Education Policy Studies and College Student Affairs at Pennsylvania State University and a senior research associate in the Center for the Study of Higher Education. She has extensive experience in institutional climate assessment and institutional climate transformation based on data-driven action and strategic planning. Rankin has conducted multi-location institutional climate studies at more than 150 institutions across the country. She developed and utilizes the Transformational Tapestry model as a research design for campus climate studies. The model is a “comprehensive, five-phase strategic model of assessment, planning and intervention. The model is designed to assist campus communities in conducting inclusive assessments of their institutional climate to better understand the challenges facing their respective communities.” (Rankin & Reason, 2008).
Why was a non-UMKC researcher selected for the project?
In reviewing efforts by other universities to conduct comprehensive climate studies, several best practices were identified. One was the need for external expertise in survey administration. The administration of a survey relating to a very sensitive subject like campus climate is likely to yield higher response rates and provide more credible findings if led by an independent, outside agency. Members of a university community may feel particularly inhibited to respond honestly to a survey administered by their own institution for fear of retaliation.
How were the questions developed?
The consultant has administered climate assessments to more than 150 institutions across the nation and developed a repository of tested questions. To assist in contextualizing the survey for UMKC and to capitalize on the many assessment efforts already undertaken, the Climate Study Working Group was formed and consists of faculty, staff and student representatives from various constituent groups at UMKC. The committee is responsible for developing the survey questions. The team will review selected survey questions from the consultant’s tested collection and will also include UMKC-specific questions, which will be informed by the focus group results.
Why do some demographic questions contain a very large number of response options?
It is important in campus climate research for survey participants to see themselves in response choices to prevent “othering” an individual or an individual’s characteristics. Some researchers maintain that assigning someone to the status of “other” is a form of marginalization and should be minimized, particularly in campus climate research, which has an intended purpose of inclusiveness. Along these lines, survey respondents will see a long list of possible choices for many demographic questions. It is impossible to include every possible choice to every question, but the goal is to reduce the number of respondents who must choose “other.”
What is the Institutional Review Board process for this study?
The primary investigator from UMKC for the Institutional Review Board process is Professor Susan Rankin. An IRB application will be submitted for the project. Once the project is approved, the survey will be administered.
What will be done with data from the results?
Although the committee believes the survey process itself is informative, we have sought and received commitment from senior leaders that data will be used to plan for an improved climate at UMKC. All stakeholders — students, faculty and staff — will be invited to participate in the development of post-survey action initiatives.
What is the response rate goal?
Target participation in the survey is 100 percent. Every response matters and is valuable in providing the most beneficial feedback and results.
How is a respondent’s confidentiality protected?
Survey confidentiality is protected in multiple ways. First, no user name or password is associated with an individual’s survey. That’s why the survey must be completed in one sitting and can’t be saved to come back to later. Secondly, IP addresses are stripped from the survey as soon as the respondent submits the survey. Data from the survey is not stored on a UMKC server – it goes straight to Rankin Climate and is stored on a firewalled web server with forced 256-bit SSL security.

In addition, the consultant and university will not report any group data for groups of fewer than five individuals, because those cell sizes may be small enough to compromise confidentiality. Instead, the consultant and university will combine the groups or take other measures to eliminate any potential for demographic information to be identifiable. Additionally, any comments submitted in response to the survey will be separated at the time of submission to the consultant so they are not attributed to any individual demographic characteristics. Identifiable information submitted in qualitative comments will be redacted, and the university will only receive these redacted comments.
Participation in the survey is completely voluntary, and participants do not have to answer any question — except the first positioning question (staff, faculty, student) — and can skip any other questions they consider to be uncomfortable. Paper and pencil surveys are also available and will be sent directly to the consultant.

Information in the introductory section of the survey will describe the manner in which confidentiality will be guaranteed, and additional communication to participants will provide expanded information on the nature of confidentiality, possible threats to confidentiality and procedures developed to ensure de-identification of data.

What will be included in the final summary reports?
The consultant will provide a final report that will include: an executive summary; a report narrative of the findings based on cross-tabulations selected by the consultant; frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations of quantitative data; and content analysis of the textual data. The reports provide high-level summaries of the findings and will identify themes found in the data. Generalizations for populations are limited to those groups or subgroups with response rates of at least 30 percent. The committee will review draft reports and provide feedback to the consultant prior to public release.
What protections are in place for storage of sensitive data, including for future secondary use?
UMKC has worked with the consultant to develop a research data security description and protocol, which includes specific information on data encryption, the handling of personally identifiable information, physical security and a protocol for handling unlikely breaches of data security. The data from online participants will be submitted to a secure server hosted by the consultant. The survey is run on a firewalled web server with forced 256-bit SSL security and is stored on a SQL database that can only be accessed locally. The server itself may only be accessed using encrypted SSH connections originating from the local network. Rankin Climate project coordinator Susan Rankin will have access to the raw data, along with several Rankin Climate data analysts. All Rankin Climate analysts have CITI (Human Subjects) training and approval and have worked on similar projects for other institutions. The web server runs with the SE-Linux security extensions that were developed by the National Security Agency. The server is also in RAID to highly reduce the chance of any data loss due to hardware failure. The server performs a nightly security audit from data acquired via the system logs and notifies the administrators. The number of system administrators will be limited, and each will have had required background checks.

The consultant has conducted more than 150 institutional surveys and maintains an aggregate merged database. The data from the UMKC project will be merged with all other existing climate data stored indefinitely on the consultant’s secure server. No institutional identifiers are included in the full merged data set held by the consultant. The raw unit-level data with institutional identifiers is kept on the server for six months and then destroyed. The paper-and-pencil surveys are returned to the consultant directly and kept in a locked file drawer in a locked office. The consultant destroys the paper-and-pencil responses after they are merged with the online data. The consultant will notify the committee chairs of any breach or suspected breach of data security of the consultant’s server.

The consultant will provide UMKC with a data file at the completion of the project.

Why is this a population survey and not a sample survey?
The survey will be administered to all faculty and staff at UMKC. Climate exists in microclimates, so creating opportunities to maximize participation is important, as well as maximizing opportunities to reach minority populations. Along these lines, the consultant has recommended not using random sampling, as we may miss particular populations where numbers are very small (e.g., Native American faculty). Since one goal of the project is inclusiveness and allowing invisible voices to be heard, this sampling technique is not used. In addition, randomized stratified sampling is not used because we do not have population data on most identities. For example, UMKC collects population data on gender and race/ethnicity but not on disability status or sexual orientation, so a sample approach could miss many groups.
What is the timeline?
This initiative will involve survey development (spring/summer 2016); survey implementation, which will seek input from all students, faculty and staff (fall 2016); reporting of results (fall 2017); development of strategic actions (fall 2017); and initial implementation of actions (2017-18).
How do I provide feedback?
Your questions and comments are very important as we move through this process. Please share by contacting Danielle Martinez.